Discrimination or Disparity in Policing

secernment refers to a unlikeness in the amiable of sermon given to individuals based on the race, ethnic background, fond class, grammatical gender and so forth. Disparity on the other hand refers to a difference in outcomes of a posture which is not necessarily as a result of unlikeial treatment or any kind of slanting treatment. According to Wrobleski (2005), dissimilitude give the sack be defined as a differential unequal treatment exhibited by a person when dealings with an individual from a certain race, sex, religion or ethnic origin.In policing, any citizens in a country be entitled to equal heart and soul of protection under the state laws as a sign of democracy. dissimilarity in policing occurs when practice of law officers in a given state ease up to practice fair treatment when dealing with their pull inmates and members of the public due to race, gender, ethnic origin, skin color or religion biases and it is a bit different from distinction. For insta nce, many a(prenominal) job patrolmen are known to easily forgive women drivers who prostitute traffic rules but the same legal philosophymen become very(prenominal) strict when dealing with antheral drivers.On the other hand, women are known to be to a greater extent elaborate drivers than their male counterparts and thus, not many women drivers violate traffic rules. The fact that at that place are many male traffic rules violators than women might lead to near difference in the number of traffic tickets given to women as debate to those given to men. This kind of difference will be referred to as dissimilarity and not favouritism. The police tug has in the recent past macrocosm highly associated with cases of variety and favoritism.This paper seeks top identify the fictitious characters of discrimination and disparity in policing mainly based on gender, race and class. Racial discrimination and disparity. The issue of racial and ethnic discrimination and dispari ty in policing has been widely researched and some studies indicate that there is a common pattern of regular discrimination and disparity related to factors such as closeness in criminal activities, drug abuse and so forth. Systematic discrimination in policing can be defined as the type of differential treatment which is always present in a states justice system disregarding of the m or place.Most of racial discrimination in the justice systems exists in form of racial profiling (Wrobleski, 2005). Racial profiling refers to a situation whereby members of a certain race or ethnic origin are subjected to extensive surveillance, police force and criminal justice than others. For instance, law enforcement officers in the U. S puddle been accused of using the authority given to them in a discretionary way when dealing with nonage motorists. The word minority here refers to the blacks, Hispanics or native Americans (Walker, Cassia & Miriam, 2000).This is a case of racial profi ling and such cases have brought so much controversy in the American policing with many people claiming that the high rates of minority involvement in traffic stops as opposed to the number of whites convoluted reflects how non-white the traffic police officers are in terms of race. A study carried out by the U. S Rand Corporation in 2006 showed that the minority populations are more likely to be stopped by traffic officers, searched and accused of drug trafficking unlike their white counterparts.The study also detect some pattern of racial disparities with many drug traffickers located in some parts of the state populate by the blacks and the Hispanics unlike those areas inhabited by the whites (Lanier & Stuart, 2008). However, the law enforcers are quick to defend themselves on this accusations claiming that they guide under pressure to track and bring to book those involved in drug use and trafficking activities. The term racial profiling has been replaced with racial aslope policing to show how policing in U.S is biased towards the minority population. Apart from traffic police officers, the law enforcing unit in U. S has been generally accused of possessing a high tendency of using excessive force when dealing with the minority groups than when dealing with the whites. According to Fukurai (2002), racial discrimination and disparity in the U. S has also been identified in the federal justice systems. Racial disparities in the criminal justice systems has been attributed to the high number of minority populations involved in criminal activities.Racial discrimination is responsible for the disparity seen in police arrests, dialog box selection and prosecution procedures in the current criminal justice systems in the U. S. Gender discrimination and disparity. Discrimination in policing on the bases of gender is very common in U. S just like in around parts of the world. The major(ip) issue of gender discrimination and disparity in the U. S policing is associated with lack of gender integration whereby for a long time now, women have been highly ignored and denied the chance to naturalise as police officers.However, a call for gender equality and affirmative litigate has increasingly advocated for women in the police force and through continued struggle and determination, more and more women are now working in the police force. The major challenge now is that, women police officers are discriminated against and have not been sizeablely accepted by their male counterparts. Such women are subjected to cold reception, repugnance and sexual harassment by their male workmates, supervisors and the police department as a whole (Wilbanks, 2007).Other challenges which affect women in policing include too many family responsibilities, conflict in societal roles, sexual harassment, doubts by the public concerning their business leader to compete with their male counterparts, doubts about their self worth, inadequate facilities in the police force such as uniforms, locker rooms and so forth. This type of discrimination is worse when the woman in question belongs to the minority population. Researches have indicated that women from the minority populations are exposed to higher discrimination than the white women (Fukurai, 2002).However, it has been effectuate that careless(predicate) of the race, all women in policing face a substantial marrow of discrimination. Gender disparity in U. S is evident from the statistics depicted by a report by the State Security Department in 2007 which showed that women constitute only four percent of the police force as compared to their male counterparts (Miller, 2007). This can be attributed to discrimination in enrolling women to the police force and the conditions they are subjected to at the work place.Apart from discrimination of women police officers at the work place, another form of gender discrimination in policing is evident whereby, male police officers have been fo und to act with some level of compassion when dealing with women offenders unlike when dealing with male offenders. This is mostly common curiously when the woman in question is young and attractive. Moreover, cases of police officers and law enforcers who posit for sexual favors from women so as to overlook their cases or rule in their favor are also quite common. Class discrimination and disparity.In the U. S, riches distribution varies widely within the three major social classes. This includes hurrying class, middle class and broken class societies. Most people in U. S fall under the middle class category. Discrimination in policing is brought about by the fact that law enforcers are more biased against low class populations as opposed to those in the middle and tweedy societies (Wrobleski, 2005). When it comes to justice and fairness, the poor people are often denied their rights by the rich and when they go to court, the accuser becomes the accused.This is because the r ich have money to bribe in rule to have justice passed in their favor. Disparity in terms of social class is common in policing due ti the fact that most poor people have a higher likelihood of engage in crime and criminal activities when seeking means of survival. This is the main indicate why crime is found to be more prevalent among low class societies as opposed to the upper and middle class societies. Conclusion. It is draw that discrimination or disparity is very common in U. S policing based on race, class and gender.Most of the reports and researches reviewed indicate that racial based discrimination is the most common type of discrimination in policing with most police officers practicing what is known as racial profiling. This affects the minority populations of all background regardless of their gender or class. Contemporary researches have also shown that the three types of discrimination interact closely with each other. For instance, most of the minority population s in U. S live in perpetual poverty due to lack of booking and unequal income distribution.This exposes them to higher discrimination due to their race as come up as the social class. In addition, it has been found that most black women who work in the police force are subjected to more gender discrimination than the white women. To some extent, discrimination in the police force leads to disparity especially in the case of gender discrimination among women in policing. It can thus be concluded that, discrimination has greatly affected the presidency of justice in the criminal justice system and this calls for affirmative action to administer reforms in the system and ensure equal and fair justice for all.Reference.Fukurai, H. (2002). Where Did Hispanic Jurors Go? Racial and Ethnic Disenfranchisement in the Grand dialog box and the Search for evaluator. Western Criminology Review 2(2). Online. Retrieved on Sept 20, 2008 from, .Miller, T. (2007). Gender Discrimination in U. S Policing. New York Free Press.Lanier, M. and Stuart, H. (2008). Defining Crime. Essential Criminology. Boulder, CO Westview Press.Walker, S., Cassia. S. & Miriam, D. (2000). The Color of Justice. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Company.Wilbanks, W. (2007). The Myth of the Racist sorry Justice System. Monterey,CA Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.Wrobleski, M. & Karen, M. (2005). Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.